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Affichage des articles dont le libellé est Africa. Afficher tous les articles
Affichage des articles dont le libellé est Africa. Afficher tous les articles

jeudi 10 septembre 2015

A brief story of Mali (January 2012 January 2013)

Hollande has given 20 M€ to islamofascist Iyad Ag Ghali
a gift for his crimes 24 january 2012
And  attacks 17 18 january VS  Ménaka Aguel Hoc

by Yanick Toutain
REVACTU
September 10th, 2015





dimanche 21 juillet 2013

Trayvon Martin, Hattie Carroll,Emmett Till,George Zimmerman,William Zanzinger, Bob Dylan and Barack Obama's racism against African's workers

"The fight against racist judges, racist jurors is the fight for the liberation of Africa!
It is the struggle to overthrow Obama!" 

YT infra
"William Zanzinger who at twenty-four years
Owns a tobacco farm of six hundred acres
With rich wealthy parents who provide and protect him
And high office relations in the politics of Maryland
Reacted to his deed with a shrug of his shoulders
And swear words and sneering and his tongue it was snarling
In a matter of minutes on bail was out walking
But you who philosophize disgrace and criticize all fears
Take the rag away from your face
Now ain't the time for your tears"
Bob Dylan
"Already drunk before he got to the Emerson Hotel that night, Zantzinger, 24 years old and 6′2″,[1] had assaulted employees at Eager House, a prestigious Baltimore restaurant, with the same cane.[2] The cane was a 25-cent toy.[1] At the Spinsters' Ball, he called a 30-year-old waitress a "nigger" and hit her with the cane; she fled the room in tears.[2] Moments later, after ordering a bourbon that Carroll didn't bring immediately, Zantzinger cursed at her, called her a "nigger" also,[1] then "you black son of a bitch," and struck her on the shoulder and across the head with the cane. In the words of the court notes: "He asked for a drink and called her 'a black bitch', and 'black s.o.b'. She replied, 'Just a moment' and started to prepare his drink. After a delay of perhaps a minute, he complained about her being slow and struck her a hard blow on her shoulder about half-way between the point of her shoulder and her neck." She handed him his drink.[5] After striking Carroll, he attacked his own wife, knocking her to the ground[2] and hitting her with his shoe."[1]Wikipedia.
(..)
"In the courtroom of honor, the judge pounded his gavel
To show that all's equal and that the courts are on the level
And that the strings in the books ain't pulled and persuaded
And that even the nobles get properly handled
Once that the cops have chased after and caught 'em
And that ladder of law has no top and no bottom
Stared at the person who killed for no reason
Who just happened to be feelin' that way witout warnin'
And he spoke through his cloak, most deep and distinguished
And handed out strongly, for penalty and repentance
William Zanzinger with a six-month sentence
Oh, but you who philosophize disgrace and criticize all fearsv
Bury the rag deep in your face
For now's the time for your tears."
Bob Dylan
"In June, after Zantzinger's phalanx of five topflight attorneys won a change of venue to a court in Hagerstown, a three-judge panel reduced the murder charge to manslaughter. Following a three-day trial, Zantzinger was found guilty. For the assault on the hotel employees: a fine of $125. For the death of Hattie Carroll: six months in jail and a fine of $500. The judges considerately deferred the start of the jail sentence until September 15, to give Zantzinger time to harvest his tobacco crop."
Time magazine
As if George Zimmerman enjoyed a right to self-defense Trayvon Martin did not have".
Philippe Bernard Le Monde




When I was 16 to 17 I was member of a band - "The Soul Folk". It was the second band where I played guitar. (After the 1st one that became "Question"*)
We played songs of traditional - "Banks of the Ohio" and others. And the Hugues Aufray's translation of Bob Dylan's songs.
Each performance, we played the "The Lonesome Death Of Hattie Carroll" translated into French by Hugues Aufray
At this time, racism was unknown : We spoke together with people we met.... We didnt remember... later.... the color of his-her skin !
Color of skin doesn't matter for my generation in 1969 !

We sang The Lonesome Death Of Hattie Carroll" without really thinking about the color of skin.
We were not like the murderer of Trayvon Martin. He knows that the skin color gives him a right to self-defense .... offensive!
It can follow the grandchildren of slaves at night in the streets.
Bush gave him this right.

OBAMA HATES AFRICANS AND GIVE THEM THUGS AS GOVERNMENTS
IT IS THE MAIN CAUSE OF RACISM


And Obama has endorsed this pathological delirium: Barack Obama hates Africans so he puts the thugs at the head of all African countries: Ouattara in 2011 .... Obama is the real leader Jean-Marie Bourry, the Klaus Barbie Ivory Coast: who is behind the murderers of 16 December 2010, UNOCI civilian injured pro-Gbagbo on 29 December. It was Jean-Marie Bourry - the racist enemy of Africans that  Obama supports when he makes graves swinging body bulk! To erase the evidences of their murderous puppets- the Dozos.
Obama makes racism serving banks.
The profits of U.S. banks from slavery in Africa!
Slavery?
What is another name used for workers paid less than $ 70 per month!
What is another name that the word "slave" for 20 employees receiving regular wages for one single workers.
The fight against racist judges, racist jurors is the fight for the liberation of Africa!
It is the struggle to overthrow Obama!
It is the fight for USGOHOME! SOLDIERSGOHOME!
The author of these lines was sentenced to DELETE NAME "Jean-Marie Bourry" RevActu blog!
He and Africans murderers, murderers of children in Africa will soon learn the meaning of the Streisand effect!
And the revolution will clean wounds!



"The Lonesome Death Of Hattie Carroll"

William Zanzinger killed poor Hattie Carroll
With a cane that he twirled around his diamond ring finger
At a Baltimore hotel society gath'rin'
And the cops were called in and his weapon took from him
As they rode him in custody down to the station
And booked William Zanzinger for first-degree murder
But you who philosophize disgrace and criticize all fears
Take the rag away from your face
Now ain't the time for your tears.

William Zanzinger who at twenty-four years
Owns a tobacco farm of six hundred acres
With rich wealthy parents who provide and protect him
And high office relations in the politics of Maryland
Reacted to his deed with a shrug of his shoulders
And swear words and sneering and his tongue it was snarling
In a matter of minutes on bail was out walking
But you who philosophize disgrace and criticize all fears
Take the rag away from your face
Now ain't the time for your tears.

Hattie Carroll was a maid in the kitchen
She was fifty-one years old and gave birth to ten children
Who carried the dishes and took out the garbage
And never sat once at the head of the table
And didn't even talk to the people at the table
Who just cleaned up all the food from the table
And emptied the ashtrays on a whole other level
Got killed by a blow, lay slain by a cane
That sailed through the air and came down through the room
Doomed and determined to destroy all the gentle
And she never done nothing to William Zanzinger
And you who philosophize disgrace and criticize all fears
Take the rag away from your face
Now ain't the time for your tears.

In the courtroom of honor, the judge pounded his gavel
To show that all's equal and that the courts are on the level
And that the strings in the books ain't pulled and persuaded
And that even the nobles get properly handled
Once that the cops have chased after and caught 'em
And that ladder of law has no top and no bottom
Stared at the person who killed for no reason
Who just happened to be feelin' that way witout warnin'
And he spoke through his cloak, most deep and distinguished
And handed out strongly, for penalty and repentance
William Zanzinger with a six-month sentence
Oh, but you who philosophize disgrace and criticize all fearsv
Bury the rag deep in your face
For now's the time for your tears.



COMPLEMENTS
In my first and third band, I sang songs of mine (Withe Beatle's songs in the first and CSNY's songs in the 3rd. But in the second one I sang only chorus.

FROM WIKIPEDIA

The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll"
Song by Bob Dylan from the album The Times They Are a-Changin'
ReleasedJanuary 13, 1964
RecordedOctober 23, 1963
GenreFolk
Length5:48
LabelColumbia
WriterBob Dylan
ProducerTom Wilson
The Times They Are a-Changin'track listing
"The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll" is a topical song written by theAmerican musician Bob Dylan. Recorded on October 23, 1963, the song was released on Dylan's 1964 album The Times They Are a-Changin' and gives a generally factual account of the killing of 51-year-old barmaid Hattie Carroll byWilliam Devereux "Billy" Zantzinger (whom the song calls "William Zanzinger"), a wealthy young tobacco farmer from Charles County, Maryland, and his subsequent sentence to six months in a county jail.
The lyrics are a commentary on racism in the 1960s. In 1963, when Hattie Carroll was killed, Charles County was still strictly segregated by race in public facilities such as restaurants, churches, theaters, doctor's offices, buses, and the county fair. The schools of Charles County were not integrated until 1967.[1]

Contents

  [hide

Killing[edit]

The main incident of the song took place in the early hours of February 9, 1963, at the white tie Spinsters' Ball at the Emerson Hotel in Baltimore, Maryland. Using a toy cane, Zantzinger drunkenly assaulted at least three of the Emerson Hotel workers: abellboy, a waitress, and—at about 1:30 in the morning of the 9th—Carroll, a barmaid. In addition to her work at the hotel, Hattie Carroll, at 51, was the mother of 11 children (the song says "ten") and president of a black social club.[2][3][4]
Already drunk before he got to the Emerson Hotel that night, Zantzinger, 24 years old and 6′2″,[1] had assaulted employees at Eager House, a prestigious Baltimore restaurant, with the same cane.[2] The cane was a 25-cent toy.[1] At the Spinsters' Ball, he called a 30-year-old waitress a "nigger" and hit her with the cane; she fled the room in tears.[2] Moments later, after ordering a bourbon that Carroll didn't bring immediately, Zantzinger cursed at her, called her a "nigger" also,[1] then "you black son of a bitch," and struck her on the shoulder and across the head with the cane. In the words of the court notes: "He asked for a drink and called her 'a black bitch', and 'black s.o.b'. She replied, 'Just a moment' and started to prepare his drink. After a delay of perhaps a minute, he complained about her being slow and struck her a hard blow on her shoulder about half-way between the point of her shoulder and her neck." She handed him his drink.[5] After striking Carroll, he attacked his own wife, knocking her to the ground[2] and hitting her with his shoe.[1]
Very soon, within five minutes from the time of the blow, Carroll leaned heavily against the barmaid next to her and complained of feeling ill. Carroll told co-workers, "I feel deathly ill, that man has upset me so." The barmaid and another helped her to the kitchen. Her arm became numb, her speech thick. She collapsed and was hospitalized. Hattie Carroll died eight hours after theassault.[2] Her autopsy showed hardened arteries, an enlarged heart, and high blood pressure. A spinal tap confirmed brain hemorrhage as the cause of death. She died in Mercy Hospital at 9 a.m. on February 9, 1963.[6]
Zantzinger was initially charged with murder. His defense was that he had been extremely drunk,[2] and he admitted to having no memory of the attack. His charge was reduced to manslaughter and assault, based on the likelihood that it was her stressreaction to his verbal and physical abuse that led to the intracranial bleeding, rather than blunt-force trauma from the blow that left no lasting mark. On August 28, Zantzinger was convicted of both charges and sentenced to six months' imprisonment.
Time magazine covered the sentencing:
In June, after Zantzinger's phalanx of five topflight attorneys won a change of venue to a court in Hagerstown, a three-judge panel reduced the murder charge to manslaughter. Following a three-day trial, Zantzinger was found guilty. For the assault on the hotel employees: a fine of $125. For the death of Hattie Carroll: six months in jail and a fine of $500. The judges considerately deferred the start of the jail sentence until September 15, to give Zantzinger time to harvest his tobacco crop.
— Time"Deferred Sentence"September 6, 1963
After the sentence was announced, The New York Herald Tribune conjectured he was given a sentence that short to keep him out of the largely black state prison, reasoning that his notoriety would make him a target for abuse there. Throughout the United States, sentences over a year are generally served in a state prison; sentences under a year are usually served in a county jailor city lockup. Zantzinger instead served his time in the comparative safety of the Washington county jail, some 70 miles (110 km) from the scene of the crime.
In September, the Herald Tribune quoted Zantzinger on his sentence: "I'll just miss a lot of snow." His then-wife, Jane, was quoted saying, "Nobody treats his negroes as well as Billy does around here."[1]

Song[edit]

Zantzinger was convicted of manslaughter on August 28, 1963, and was not tried by a jury of peers but by a panel of three judges. The sentence was handed down on the same day that Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech inWashington. Bob Dylan, 22 at that time, was one of the celebrities at the march and on the journey home to New York he read about the conviction of Zantzinger and decided to write a protest song about the case. According to a 1991 Washington Postreport, Dylan wrote the song in Manhattan, sitting in an all-night cafe.[1] A recent radio documentary on the song said rather that he wrote it both in New York and at the home of his then-lover, Joan Baez, in Carmel. According to Nancy Carlin, a friend of Baez who visited, "He would stand in this cubbyhole, beautiful view across the hills, and peck type on an old typewriter... there was an old piano up at Joan's... and peck piano playing... up until noon he would drink black coffee then switch over to red wine, quit about five or six."[7] He recorded it on October 23, 1963, when the trial was still relatively fresh news, and incorporated it into his live repertoire immediately, before releasing the studio version on January 13, 1964. He also performed the song on Steve Allen's syndicated television program soon after its release.
The wording of the lyrics, "a cane / That sailed through the air and came down through the room", either describe the arc of the cane's descent, or assert that the cane was thrown, or is a metaphor for the baselessness of the attack and its impact on society. And the next line, "doomed and determined to destroy all the gentle" draws on poetic license to anthropomorphize the cane as malicious.
The song juxtaposes Zantzinger's wealth and connections with the brevity of that sentence. Despite the song's topical nature, Dylan continues to perform it in concert as of May 2009.[8] His live-audience renditions of it appear on the albums The Bootleg Series Vol. 5: Bob Dylan Live 1975, The Rolling Thunder Revue (2002) and The Bootleg Series Vol. 6: Bob Dylan Live 1964, Concert at Philharmonic Hall (2004).
In Chronicles: Volume One, Dylan includes "Hattie Carroll" in a list of his early songs which he feels were influenced by his introduction to the work of Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill. He describes writing out the words of Pirate Jenny (or The Black Freighter) in order to understand how the Brecht–Weill song achieved its effect. Dylan writes: "Woody had never written a song like that. It wasn't a protest or a topical song and there was no love for people in it. I took the song apart and unzipped it—it was the free verse association, the structure and disregard for the known certainty of melodic pattern to make it seriously matter, give it its cutting edge. It also had the ideal chorus for the lyrics."[9]
Literary critic Christopher Ricks considers the song to be "one of Dylan's greatest" and the recording on The Times They Are A-Changin' to be "perfect". He devotes an entire chapter to it, analyzing both the meaning as well as the prosody in his book on Dylan's songs as poetry. "But here is a song that could not be written better."[10]

Impact on Zantzinger[edit]

The song continued to haunt Zantzinger in later controversies until his death in 2009. After serving his sentence for manslaughter, Zantzinger returned to running the farm in Charles County. He also began selling real estate, and moved to more urban Waldorf, Maryland, still within Charles County. Eventually he moved to a 2-acre (8,100 m2) home in Port Tobacco, where he lived throughout the 1990s[1] until moving to a new home in St. Mary's County around 2001[11] in Chaptico, Maryland, called Bachelor's Hope.[12]
In addition to federal tax delinquencies, Zantzinger fell more than $18,000 behind on county taxes on properties he owned in two Charles County communities called Patuxent Woods and Indian Head, shanties he leased to poor blacks.[13][14] In 1986, the same year the IRS ruled against him, Charles County confiscated those properties. Nonetheless, Zantzinger continued to collect rents, raise rents, and even successfully prosecute his putative tenants for back rent.[1] In June 1991, Zantzinger was initially charged with a single count of "deceptive trade practices."[1] After some delay, Zantzinger pleaded guilty to 50 misdemeanor counts of unfair and deceptive trade practices.[15] He was sentenced to 19 months in prison and a $50,000 fine.[16] Some of his prison sentence was served in a work release program.[17]
In 2001, Zantzinger discussed the song with Howard Sounes for Down the Highway, the Life of Bob Dylan. He dismissed the song as a "total lie" and claimed "It's actually had no effect upon my life," but expressed scorn for Dylan, saying, "He's a no-account son of a bitch, he's just like a scum of a scum bag of the earth, I should have sued him and put him in jail."[18]Zantzinger died on January 3, 2009, at the age of 69.[19]

lundi 18 février 2013

Postmarxisme, lutte des strates, une découverte: au Paléolithique seule existait la strate des Innovants

Ce après-midi la lecture d'un livre d'Histoire destiné aux enfants a été l'étincelle qui a déclenché une nouvelle découverte en postmarxisme. Il sera nécessaire de la peaufiner mais il est quasiment certain qu'elle est avérée.
Cette découverte est la suivante : Dans la jeunesse de l'Humanité, à l'époque paléolithique, il est probable que la strate des Répétants n'existait pas.
Il est quasiment certain que TOUS LES HUMAINS du Paléolithique étaient tous des Innovants.
Et cela pour une raison simple : en situation de survie, de précarité continuelle, la totalité des membres des tribus est contrainte d'innover continuellement.
Cela vient donc se surajouter à une autre découverte assez récente : le fait que tous les enfants sont membres de la strate des Innovants, eux-aussi. Le fait que c'est la pression conjointe des Parasites, des Répétants (et des Innovants corrompus : les fascistes HADOPI par exemple) qui les force à quitter la strate des Innovants pour glisser vers celle des Répétants.
On a donc un schéma identique. Ce serait l'apparition de l'agriculture et l'apparition d'un surproduit social (cf Marx et Ernest Mandel) qui aurait été la cause de l'apparition de la strate des Parasites (les classes premières classes spoliatrices). Et c'est cette strate Parasite qui, dans sa constitution qui aurait fait glissé les Innovants dans une nouvelle strate, la strate des Répétants.
Cette strate des travailleurs Répétants serait donc une création de la strate barbare (en contre productive historiquement) des Parasites.
Ce schéma se reproduirait donc génération après génération.
Le fait que les adultes cassent les jeunes (Innovants) pour en faire des Répétants est donc un phénomène historique. Un mécanisme anti-civilisationnel.
La victoire prochaine de la strate des Innovants est donc bel et bien un phénomène de REVOLISATION.
Cela aura beaucoup de conséquences conceptuelles.


COMPLEMENTS Wikipédia

Le Paléolithique inférieur est la première période de la Préhistoire, marquée par l'apparition de l'Homme en Afrique. Selon les points de vue et les critères retenus, elle débute entre 3 et 2,5 millions d'années avant le présent (ou 2,5 Ma BP). Elle se termine il y a environ 300 000 ans, lorsque des changements au niveau de l'outillage et de l'évolution humaine annoncent le début du Paléolithique moyen. Les industries lithiques associées au Paléolithique inférieur sont l'Oldowayen et l'Acheuléen. Dans le cas de l'Europe, le Chelléen et l'Abbevillien sont des subdivisions du Paléolithique inférieur qui ont tendance à tomber en désuétude.
Certains auteurs, minoritaires, distinguent un Très Ancien Paléolithique ou Paléolithique archaïque correspondant au début de cette période.

Le Paléolithique inférieur en Afrique

Les principales découvertes concernant les débuts de l’aventure humaine ont pour cadre le continent africain, et tout particulièrement l’Afrique orientale et australe. C’est de ces régions que proviennent les plus anciens fossiles attribués à la famille des Hominidés : parmi ces ancêtres - ou proches parents - de l’Homme on trouve les Australopithèques (dont Australopithecus afarensis et la fameuse Lucy, puis Australopithecus africanus et Paranthropus robustus) et les premiers représentants du genre humain proprement dit (Homo rudolfensis puis Homo habilis, le premier à avoir une capacité crânienne de plus de 600 cm3).
C’est de là également que proviennent les plus anciens outils taillés connus à ce jour : ils ont été découverts en Éthiopie, à Kada Gona, dans des terrains datés d’environ 2,6 Ma BP. Si ces premiers outils sont généralement peu élaborés, des découvertes récentes effectuées dans le site de Lokalalei au Kenya (ouest du lac Turkana), ont montré que la taille de la pierre pouvait être assez organisée et révélait une certaine habileté technique dès 2,3 Ma BP.
Après une période durant laquelle ils sont rares, les sites à outils lithiques se multiplient à partir de 1,9 Ma BP. Les sites d’Olduvai en Tanzanie ou de Koobi Fora au Kenya ont livré de nombreux vestiges de cette industrie appelée Oldowayen. Les instruments de cette époque restent très simples et comportent essentiellement des éclats et des galets taillés.
À partir de 1,6 Ma BP, toujours en Afrique, on assiste à l’apparition de nouvelles espèces d’Hominidés fossiles et d’une nouvelle industrie lithique :
  • en effet, on trouve à cette époque, aux côtés des Paranthropus robustus, les Homo ergaster puis les Homo erectus ;
  • d’autre part, on voit apparaître de nouveaux outils, plus grands et plus élaborés, tels que les bifaces, les hachereaux ou les bolas, qui caractérisent l’Acheuléen. Les sites de cette époque sont extrêmement nombreux mais on peut retenir les noms d’Olduvai (Tanzanie), Olorgesailie, Kilombe, Isenya (Kenya), Melka Kunture, Gadeb (Éthiopie).

Le Paléolithique inférieur en Europe ( - 1 Ma - 300 000 ans)

Bien que l’un de ses prédécesseurs – qui reste à définir – ait pu s’aventurer hors d’Afrique comme en témoigne les découvertes réalisées à Dmanissi (Géorgie ; - 1,7 Ma ?), c’est l’Homo erectus qui va véritablement peupler progressivement le Proche-Orient (-1,4 Ma en Palestine), l’Asie (-1 Ma / - 800 000 ans en Chine et à Java, où il a été reconnu sous le nom de Pithécanthrope) et l’Europe (- 1 Ma). Les fossiles européens de Ceprano et d’Altamura (Italie), de Mauer (Allemagne), de Tautavel (France), de Atapuerca (Espagne) ou de Petralona (Grèce) peuvent être considérés comme des Homo heidelbergensis, des Homo erectus évolués comportant déjà certains traits propres à leurs descendants directs, les Hommes de Néandertal.
Les premiers ensembles lithiques clairement identifiés en Europe comportent essentiellement des éclats et des galets ou blocs taillés, parfois associés à quelques bifaces et quelques éclats retouchés (transformés en outils plus spécialisés par de petits enlèvements sur les bords). On peut mentionner notamment les sites de Monte Poggiolo, Isernia La Pineta, Venosa-Notarchirico (Italie), Atapuerca, Orce (Espagne), Soleilhac, Abbeville et Saint-Acheul (France), qui s’échelonnent entre 1 Ma et 500 000 ans BP. Ces industries sont progressivement remplacées, peut-être lors d’une deuxième vague de peuplement, par des industries acheuléennes à bifaces et hachereaux nettement plus nombreux : on en trouve la trace, entre 500 et 300 000 ans BP, dans les sites de Torre in Pietra, Castel di Guido, Fontana Ranuccio, Venosa (Italie), de Pinedo, Aridos, Torralba, Ambrona, Atapuerca (Espagne), de Terra Amata, Tautavel, Orgnac 3, Cagny (France), de Swanscombe, Hoxne (Angleterre), de Kärlich, Schöningen, Bilzingsleben (Allemagne).

Modes de vie au Paléolithique inférieur

Les indications concernant directement la vie quotidienne sont extrêmement rares pour ces périodes reculées, du fait de la mauvaise conservation générale des vestiges en matériaux périssables. Il est le plus souvent impossible de déterminer la fonction des vestiges lithiques eux-mêmes, faute d’une bonne conservation de leurs traces d’utilisation. De plus la répartition spatiale des objets découverts lors des fouilles archéologiques correspond rarement à leur disposition originelle et il est difficile de savoir comment s’organisait l’habitat.
Mais quelquefois des découvertes exceptionnelles permettent d’entrevoir des comportements complexes : ainsi la pratique de la chasse a pu être démontrée grâce à la mise au jour d’épieux en bois travaillés, notamment à Clacton-on-Sea (Angleterre) et Schöningen (Allemagne). Même si le charognage a pu jouer un rôle important, dès cette époque les espèces chassées sont très variées, leur taille pouvant aller de celle du lapin à celle du mammouth.
Une découverte majeure de cette fin du Paléolithique ancien est la domestication du feu: elle est sans doute à mettre à l’actif d’Homo erectus et elle est attestée à partir d’environ - 400 000 ans, notamment dans les sites de Terra Amata, Menez-Dregan (France), Bilzingsleben (Allemagne) ou Vértesszőlős (Hongrie).
====

HOMO HABILIS SUR WIKIPEDIA

Homo habilis (littéralement « homme habile ») est une espèce du genre Homo qui vivait il y a approximativement 2,5 à 1,8 million d’années en Afrique du nord, orientale et australe.
La diagnose de cette espèce fut faite par Louis Leakey, Phillip Tobias et John Napier en 19641, suite à la découverte en 1961 de fossiles en Tanzanie.

Sommaire


Homo habilis et la bipédie

L’Homo habilis maîtrisait parfaitement la bipédie permanente, même si celle-ci n'apparaît pas avec lui. Elle est déjà présente chez Australopithecus. En revanche, ses membres postérieurs courts n’en faisaient pas un aussi grand marcheur que l’Homo ergaster, apparu ultérieurement. Son aspect restait très archaïque.
L’espèce présentait un fort dimorphisme sexuel, les femelles étant beaucoup plus petites que les mâles.

Homo habilis, inventeur de l'outil ?


Galet aménagé oldowayen, - 1,7 million d'années - Melka Kunture, Éthiopie
Homo habilis est contemporain des plus anciennes industries de pierre taillée, nommées oldowayennes. Celles-ci comportent des objets simples taillés généralement sur une seule face pour confectionner un outil (galet aménagé) ou pour obtenir des éclats tranchants.
Ces outils devaient lui permettre de découper des morceaux de viande ou de casser des os. Mais Homo habilis a coexisté avec certaines formes robustes d'Australopithèques, les Paranthropes. Certains scientifiques envisagent que ceux-ci étaient également capables de fabriquer des outils de pierre taillée.

Une capacité crânienne très développée

L’Homo habilis a une capacité crânienne comprise entre 550 et 800 cm3. Il mesure environ 1,20 à 1,50 m et pèse de 30 à 40 kg. L'étude de sa denture montre des canines réduites et des incisives développées ce qui démontre que l’Homo habilis était omnivore, il est probable qu'il ait été charognard et non chasseur.